2020托业考试阅读素材练习：中国成全球第五大武器出口国

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China has ousted the UK as the world’s fifth-largest arms exporter, mainly because of sales to Pakistan, according to a new report on global weapons sales.

The Stockholm International Peace Research Institute on Monday said Chinese arms exports rose 162 per cent between 2008 to 2012, propelling China into the top five arms exporting countries for the first time since the cold war. This marks the first time that the UK has not been one of the top five conventional arms exporters since at least 1950, the earliest year covered by Sipri data.

Pakistan accounted for 55 per cent of Chinese arms exports between 2008 and 2012, according to Sipri. During that time, China’s share of global arms exports rose to 5 per cent from 2 per cent in the 2003-2007 period, boosting the country from eighth to fifth place in the global ranking.

“Military exports are one way for China to increase its international status,” said Li Hong, secretary-general of the China Arms Control and Disarmament Association. “China needs to increase its influence in regional affairs and from that perspective it needs to increase weapons exports further.”

Chinese defence spending is now second only to US military outlays. At current growth rates, Chinese spending could catch up with the US which accounts for more than 45 per cent of global military spending by as early as 2025.

For now, however, Chinese exports lag behind other countries with much smaller populations and economies. The US share of global conventional arms exports is 30 per cent. Russia, meanwhile, accounts for 26 per cent, German exports constitute 7 per cent, and France accounts for 6 per cent.

The rapid expansion in Beijing’s military budget in recent years and a focus on technological advances have raised the sophistication and competitiveness of Chinese weapons. This allowed China to cut the volume of its weapons imports in half between 2008 and 2012, compared with the 2003-2007 period, when it was the world’s largest importer of conventional weapons.

In the 2008-2012 period, China ranked second behind India, with 69 per cent of all Chinese weapons imports originating in Russia. China’s rising influence and military spending have led to growing apprehension in Asia and helped spur large increases in military budgets throughout the region.

According to Sipri, India accounted for 12 per cent of all conventional arms imports between 2008 and 2012, which was more than double Chinese purchases of arms from overseas.

学习指南：

1.Word of the day

oust: If someone is ousted from a position of power, job, or place, they are forced to leave it. 罢黜;把……撤职;驱逐

ex:The leaders have been ousted from power by nationalists.

例句：这些领导人被民族主义者赶下了台。

2.Phrase of the day

conventional arms: conventional weapons do not involve nuclear explosives. 常规武器

ex:We must reduce the danger of war by controlling nuclear, chemical and conventional arms.

例句：我们必须通过控制核武器，化学武器和常规武器的数量来减少战争的危险。

arm指“武器”时，必须使用复数形式“arms”，严格意义上来说，arms与weapons相比更侧重于单个士兵可以操作的武器，同时也可以指整个国家的军备。但现在两者基本可以混用，并不很强调其区别。常规武器指的是无核的武器。

3.Sentence of the day

Chinese defence spending is now second only to US military outlays. At current growth rates, Chinese spending could catch up with the US which accounts for more than 45 per cent of global military spending by as early as 2025.

中国军费支出目前仅次于美国。按当前趋势推算，中国军费支出可能最快在2025年就赶上美国(目前美国占全球军费支出逾45%)。

second to是“仅次于”的意思，如果说second to none，就是天下第一，首屈一指了。catch up with是从后面赶上的意思，需要注意的是和come up with(想到;提出)以及keep up with(始终保持一致;不落后)的区别。

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